What diseases can a lumbar puncture needle cause?

Complications of lumbar puncture include brain herniation, impaired cardiorespiratory function, localized or referred pain, headache, hemorrhage, infection, subarachnoid epidermal cyst, and CSF leakage. The most common complication was headache, which occurred in 36.5 percent of patients within 48 hours after lumbar puncture. The reason for the headache is that the rate of CSF leakage from the puncture site exceeds the rate of CSF production. The increased incidence of headache was related to the thickness of the lumbar puncture needle used. The most serious complication is brain herniation, which can occur if the pressure difference between the cranial cavity and the spinal cavity is large. During a lumbar puncture, this pressure differential can increase, leading to the formation of a brainstem herniation. Physicians can identify high-risk patients who are prone to brain herniation through detailed medical history and neurological physical examination. CT may be helpful if physicians still have concerns about performing a lumbar puncture, but elevated intracranial pressure may not always be detected on imaging. However, not all patients require CT because it can delay diagnosis and treatment. Patients with a hemorrhagic diathesis are very prone to bleeding, which can lead to spinal cord compression. There is no absolute standard for the relationship between the degree of coagulation disorder and the risk of bleeding, so physicians must make judgments based on clinical conditions. Subarachnoid epidermal cysts are caused by skin emboli entering the subarachnoid space, which can be avoided by using a puncture needle with a core.

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